What is caste?

Caste refers to a rigid social hierarchy and system of social stratification that has historically characterized Indian society. Rooted in ancient religious texts and cultural traditions, caste divides society into distinct social groups or "castes" based on hereditary occupation, status, and ritual purity.

Each caste is assigned specific roles, duties, and privileges within the social order, with higher castes enjoying greater social, economic, and political power, while lower castes face discrimination, marginalization, and social exclusion. Caste determines individuals' access to resources, opportunities, and social mobility, shaping their life chances and opportunities from birth.

Caste-based discrimination, known as "untouchability," has historically relegated certain castes, particularly Dalits (formerly known as "untouchables"), to the lowest rungs of the social hierarchy, subjecting them to social, economic, and political oppression, as well as physical and symbolic violence. Despite legal abolition and social reforms, caste-based discrimination persists in various forms, impacting individuals' access to education, employment, healthcare, and other basic rights and services.

Caste remains a deeply ingrained aspect of Indian society, influencing social interactions, marriage practices, political dynamics, and cultural norms, and posing challenges to efforts to achieve social justice, equality, and inclusive development.