What is network topology? Explain Tree and Star topology with the help of suitable diagrams.

Network topology refers to the arrangement or layout of interconnected devices in a computer network. It defines how nodes are connected and how data flows between them.

1. Tree Topology: In a tree topology, network nodes are arranged in a hierarchical structure resembling a tree, with a root node at the top and branches extending downwards. Each branch can have multiple sub-branches, and each node typically connects to one parent node except for the root node. This topology combines the features of bus and star topologies. It offers scalability and allows for the expansion of the network, but the failure of the root node can disrupt the entire network.

2. Star Topology: In a star topology, all network nodes are connected to a central hub or switch. Data transmission occurs through the hub, which manages communication between nodes. This topology is simple to install and maintain, provides centralized control, and allows easy addition or removal of devices. However, it relies heavily on the central hub, and the failure of the hub can disable the entire network.

Here are simplified diagrams illustrating the Tree and Star topologies:

            Tree Topology
               Root Node
                  |
       ---------------------
       |          |        |
    Branch    Branch    Branch
       |          |        |
    Leaf      Leaf     Leaf

            Star Topology
               Central
                 Hub
        |       |       |
      Node   Node   Node