Explain Rio +5 and Rio +10.
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Rio+5 and Rio+10 refer to the follow-up conferences held to assess progress and reinvigorate commitments made at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.
Rio+5: Rio+5, officially known as the "Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly to Review and Appraise the Implementation of Agenda 21," took place in New York in June 1997. It marked the fifth anniversary of the Earth Summit and aimed to review the implementation of Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the Statement of Forest Principles. Rio+5 provided an opportunity for governments, international organizations, civil society, and other stakeholders to assess progress, identify challenges, and renew commitments to sustainable development. The conference resulted in the adoption of the "Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21," which outlined actions to accelerate sustainable development efforts in areas such as poverty eradication, biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and sustainable consumption and production.
Rio+10: Rio+10, officially known as the "World Summit on Sustainable Development" (WSSD), was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in August-September 2002. It marked the tenth anniversary of the Earth Summit and aimed to take stock of progress, address emerging challenges, and set new priorities for advancing sustainable development. Rio+10 focused on key thematic areas, including water, energy, health, agriculture, biodiversity, and globalization. The conference resulted in the adoption of the "Johannesburg Plan of Implementation," which outlined concrete commitments and action plans for achieving sustainable development goals. Rio+10 emphasized the need for greater international cooperation, partnership-building, and stakeholder engagement to address complex and interconnected challenges facing the planet. It also highlighted the importance of integrating economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development and promoting equity, inclusivity, and participatory decision-making processes at all levels.
In summary, Rio+5 and Rio+10 conferences provided important milestones in the ongoing efforts to advance sustainable development globally. They offered platforms for reviewing progress, renewing commitments, and mobilizing action towards achieving the vision of a more equitable, prosperous, and environmentally sustainable world.