Explain National Water Policy in India.

The National Water Policy in India is a comprehensive framework that outlines the principles, guidelines, and strategies for the sustainable and equitable management of water resources across the country. Adopted by the government, the policy aims to address the challenges related to water scarcity, pollution, and the efficient utilization of water for various sectors. Key features of the National Water Policy include:

1. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM):
   The policy emphasizes the adoption of Integrated Water Resource Management, which involves considering the interconnectedness of surface water, groundwater, and other water sources. It encourages the coordinated development of water resources while prioritizing environmental sustainability.

2. Equitable Water Distribution:
   Ensuring equitable distribution of water resources among different states and user sectors is a central tenet of the National Water Policy. The policy aims to minimize regional imbalances in water availability and promote fairness in water allocation for agriculture, industry, and domestic use.

3. Efficient Water Use and Conservation:
   The policy promotes the efficient use of water resources and encourages the adoption of water-saving technologies across sectors. It emphasizes the need for water conservation practices, rainwater harvesting, and the recharging of groundwater to enhance overall water sustainability.

4. Environmental Protection and River Basin Planning:
   The policy recognizes the importance of protecting the environment and preserving the ecological balance of rivers and water bodies. It advocates for the development of River Basin Plans to facilitate holistic and integrated management, taking into account the unique characteristics of each river basin.

5. Institutional Reforms:
   To enhance water governance, the National Water Policy underscores the importance of institutional reforms. It encourages the establishment of efficient regulatory mechanisms, participatory decision-making processes, and the involvement of local communities in water management.

6. Climate Change Adaptation:
   Recognizing the impacts of climate change on water resources, the policy incorporates measures for climate change adaptation. It encourages the development of strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change on water availability and quality.

7. Research and Data Collection:
   The policy emphasizes the importance of research, data collection, and information dissemination for informed decision-making in water management. It calls for the development of reliable databases and the use of advanced technologies for water resource assessment and monitoring.

8. Disaster Management:
   The National Water Policy includes provisions for effective disaster management in the context of floods and droughts. It advocates for the development of early warning systems, preparedness measures, and strategies to minimize the impact of water-related disasters.

By providing a comprehensive framework, the National Water Policy in India aims to address the complex challenges associated with water management. It reflects a commitment to sustainable, equitable, and integrated approaches to ensure the judicious use of water resources for the benefit of present and future generations.