Single-Party System:
In a single-party system, a single political party holds significant power, often dominating the political landscape. This party typically controls the government, and opposition parties may be limited or nonexistent. Examples include the Communist Party of China or the Ba'ath Party in Syria.

Two-Party System:
A two-party system is characterized by the dominance of two major political parties, with one of them usually forming the government. Voters have a choice between two primary alternatives, and third parties face challenges in gaining significant representation. Examples include the Democratic and Republican parties in the United States.

Multi-Party System:
In a multi-party system, multiple political parties coexist and compete for electoral support. Governments may be formed through coalitions or alliances between parties. This system allows for a broader representation of diverse political ideologies and interests. Examples include India with a multi-party parliamentary system featuring parties like the Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, and others.