Explain the structure and functions of cardio-vascular system Draw diagram, label it.

The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its primary function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

Structure:

1. Heart: A muscular organ located in the chest, divided into four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). The heart pumps blood through two main circuits: the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit.

   • Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.
   • Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
   • Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
   • Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.

2. Blood Vessels:

   • Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. The largest artery is the aorta.
   • Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The largest veins are the superior and inferior vena cava.
   • Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs between blood and tissues.

Functions:

1. Transportation: The system transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. Nutrients from the digestive system and hormones from endocrine glands are also transported.
2. Regulation: Maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature, pH levels, and fluid balance.
3. Protection: Blood contains white blood cells and antibodies that defend against infections. Platelets help in blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding.

Below is a simplified diagram of the cardiovascular system:

    +-------------------------------------------------------+
    |                                                       |
    |          +----------------------+                     |
    |          |                      |                     |
    |          |     Pulmonary Vein   |                     |
    |          |                      |                     |
    |          |                      V                     V
    |          |           +-------------------+    +--------------------+
    |          |           |                   |    |                    |
    |          |           |    Left Atrium    |----|  Left Ventricle    |
    |          |           |                   |    |                    |
    |          |           +-------------------+    +--------------------+
    |          |                      |                     |
    |          |                      V                     |
    |          |         +--------------------+    +--------------------+
    |          |         |                    |    |                    |
    |          |         |  Right Atrium      |----|  Right Ventricle   |
    |          |         |                    |    |                    |
    |          |         +--------------------+    +--------------------+
    |          |                      |                     |
    |          |                      V                     V
    |          |      +----------------------------+       |
    |          |      |                            |       |
    |          |      |        Pulmonary Artery    |       |
    |          |      +----------------------------+       |
    |          +-------------------------------------------------------+

Labels:

1. Aorta
2. Pulmonary Artery
3. Pulmonary Vein
4. Left Atrium
5. Left Ventricle
6. Right Atrium
7. Right Ventricle
8. Superior Vena Cava
9. Inferior Vena Cava

This diagram and explanation capture the essential structure and functions of the cardiovascular system within the specified word limit.