Describe the physical changes occurring in boys and girls.

During adolescence, both boys and girls undergo significant physical changes as they transition from childhood to adulthood.

In boys, physical changes include:

1. Growth Spurts: Boys experience rapid growth in height as they enter puberty, typically between the ages of 10 to 16. This growth spurt is often accompanied by changes in body proportions.
2. Voice Deepening: The larynx enlarges, leading to a deepening of the voice as the vocal cords lengthen and thicken.
3. Muscle Development: Boys experience an increase in muscle mass and strength due to hormonal changes, particularly testosterone.
4. Facial and Body Hair Growth: Testosterone also stimulates the growth of facial hair, starting with sparse hair on the upper lip and chin, which gradually becomes denser. Body hair also becomes more prominent, including underarm and pubic hair.
5. Development of Sexual Organs: The testes and penis undergo growth and maturation, accompanied by the production of sperm.

In girls, physical changes include:

1. Breast Development: Girls experience the development of breast tissue, which begins with the formation of small breast buds under the nipples and progresses to fuller breasts.
2. Growth Spurts: Similar to boys, girls undergo a growth spurt during puberty, resulting in an increase in height and changes in body proportions.
3. Menstruation: Girls typically start menstruating between the ages of 10 to 16 as the ovaries begin releasing eggs and the uterus prepares for potential pregnancy.
4. Body Fat Distribution: Girls experience changes in body fat distribution, with increased fat deposition in the hips, thighs, and buttocks.
5. Development of Sexual Organs: The ovaries and uterus undergo maturation, preparing for reproductive function, while pubic hair begins to grow and becomes coarser.